托福独立写作思路解析：人本主义科学理论运用
Maslow'shierarchy of needs马斯洛需求层次理论
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" . Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include hisobservations of humans' innate curiosity. 马斯洛理论把需求分为五类：Physiological need(生理需求), Safety(安全需求), Belongingness and love (归属感和爱), esteem(尊重),self-actualization(自我实现)，which are portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental levels of need s at the bottom and the need for self-actualizationat the top (以金字塔，从最基本需求大的层次到最高层次的自我实现) to describe the pattern that human motivations generally movethrough.
而这一理论模型，可以作为很好的素材，用到托福独立写作工作类话题中进行观点的论证。
拿工作类相关题目举例
Do you prefer to take a low-paid but secure job or a job with a high salary but easy to lose?
根据Physiological needs：
Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human survival(人类的生存). If these requirements are not met(meet one’s requirements满足…的需求), the human body cannot function properly (运转正常) and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs are thought to be the most important;they should be met first. Air, water, and food are metabolic requirements(新陈代谢需求)forsurvival in all animals, including humans. Clothing and shelter providenecessary protection from the weather.
而其中提到的食物、住宿等，通过工作带来的稳定收入均可以得到基本的满足，更不要提高薪了!
再来一道工作类题目：
People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting forthe job that they find more satisfying.
根据Safety needs
Once a person's physical safety needsare relatively satisfied, their safety needs take precedence(占领优先地位) and dominatebehavior(控制行为). In the absence of physical safety – due to war, naturaldisaster, family violence, childhood abuse, etc. – people may (re-)experiencepost-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍). Inthe absence of (在缺乏...的情况下) economic safety – due to economic crisis and lack of work opportunities – thesesafety needs manifest themselves in ways(以…方式显现)such as apreference for(对...的偏爱)job security.
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