为什么雅思写作7分，可望而不可及?
很多学员雅思都会卡在写作上，大部分学校都要求单科不能低于6，而写作千年5.5，还有学生想要4个7，而写作也是考了n次都差那么一点点。刘丽老师今天就从语法和词汇的角度分析一下，写作6分，7分的词汇语法应该是什么样的。
雅思写作中词汇评分标准
lexical resource
官方给出的7分评分标准：
*uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
* uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation
* may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and /or word formation
官方给出的6分评分标准：
*uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
*attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy
*makes some errors in spelling and /or word formation, but they do not impede communication
同六分词汇标准相比，7 分多了两个要求： flexibility (灵活性) and precision (准确性)。灵活性暗示我们在作文中要设置同意替换词[1] 。比如，第一段写了developing countries, 第二段就可以用these nations, 第三段可以用poor regions
准确性 指在该题目下贴切的，核心的词汇[2] 。比如政府话题写出welffare福利一词，环保话题写出environmental-friendly 一词。
7分和6分同时要求：要有less common lexical items, 不普通的，含义较深刻的词汇。比如undermine ( v. 逐渐破坏)代替damage; 用dilemma 代替problem。用的好不好，地道不地道，是否注意到了style( 文体) 和 collocation (搭配)决定了是6还是7.
所以在写作中，词汇在准确使用的基础上，我们一定要注意设置同意替换词。在练习时我们就要不断积累同意替换词，在经常使用的单词上多想想，还可以替换什么样的词和表达方式。
雅思写作中语法评分标准
grammar range and accuracy
7分评分标准：使用多种多样的复合句
*use a variety of complex structures
*produces frequent error-free sentences
*has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
(那么什么算是a variety of 呢?3种以上才称得上 a variety of,所以写作中要写出4种以上不同的从句。剑桥书后的考官范文，平均每篇12 句话，2句话是简单句，2句话是并列句，其余8句都是各种从句)
6分评分标准：简单句和复合句的混合使用
*uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
*makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication
英文句式：简单句，并列句，限制性定语从句=分词做定语，非限制性定语从句，名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句)， 状语从句=分词做状语，强调句，倒装句，插入语结构， 双重否定表肯定结构
在写作中，我们要熟练，正确，恰当的应用多种句式与结构。当然除了句式我们还有时态，准确恰当运用各种时态在简单句和复合句中。
我们从一些例句中，学习一下语法句式可以如何转换。
With the rapid development of economy, the environment[3] has been deteriorated[4] . (主+谓的简单句)
= As the economy develops rapidly, the environment has been deteriorated. (as引导的时间状语从句)
Experts [5] suggestthe government to take down the old buildings in the urban center in order to improve the city image. (主+谓+ 宾+宾补的简单句)
= Experts suggest that the government should tear down urban old buildings in order to enhance the image of this city. (that引导的宾语从句)
The money which was spent on wild animals protection [6] should have been used to improve human lives . (定语从句)
=The money spent on wild animal protection should have been used to improve human lives. (过去分词做定语)
Spring came on, and the trees turned green. (并列句)
= when spring came on, the trees turned green.(时间状语从句)
=Spring coming on, the trees turned green. (独立主格结构)
Topics of punishment of criminals always arouse people’s attention. (简单句)
=Topics of the punishment of criminals never fail to arouse people’s attention.
(双重否表肯定)
= Never do topics of the punishment of criminals fail to arouse people’s attention. (倒装句)
通过这些例句，学生应该可以看到从简单句到复合句式的转换，句式的多样性，是保证一篇作文取得高分的硬性要求，也是一个学生语言高水平的体现。