高中英语指示代词知识点总结(一)
指示代词
1.指示代词概述
指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个(些)”、“那个(些)”。常用的指示代词有this,that,these,those。指示代词与定冠词、人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义。它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可作定语、主语、宾语、表语等。如
I loved this concert very much.(定语)
我非常喜欢这场音乐会。
This is Bill.Is that Robert speaking? (主语)
我是比尔,你是罗伯特吗?
Do you like this? (宾语)
你喜欢这个吗?
What I like is this,not that.(表语)
我所喜欢的是这个,不是那个。
2.指示代词的用法
(1)指示代词this,these往往在指时间上或空间上较近的人或物;that,those可指时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my friend Charlie Brown.(近指)
这是我的朋友查理·布朗。
This gift is for you and that one is for your brother.(this近指,that远指)
这件礼物是你的,那件是你弟弟的。
I love these books but I don't like those.(these近指,those远指)
我喜欢这些书,但不喜欢那些。
(2)that,those常常用来代替已提到过的名词,以避免重复。
The computers work faster than those we bought last year.
这些计算机比我们去年买的运行速度快。
The life in the country is more peaceful than that in the city.
乡村的生活比城市的生活要安静。
注意:
上文提到的事物,英语中常用that或those表示,而汉语却常用“这”表示。
I had a bad cold.That was why I didn't go to school.
我感冒了,这是我为什么没上学的原因。
Those are the VCDs you want.
这就是你要的影碟。
(3)在“those who/which/that...或 those people who,those things which/that...”句型中who/which引导的定语从句说明those的范围。
Those (students) who do not want to go can stay.
不想去的(学生)可以留下来。
I have read those books which/that I borrowed.
我已经读完了我所借的书。
注意:
在those (...) who/which...中those 不可用these替代。
(4)当所指的事物已确定时,后面的指示代词指人时须用he,she或they替代,指物时须用it或they替代。
—Are the books yours?
—Yes,they are.
-这些书是你的吗?
-是的,正是。
That is your mistake,isn't it?
那是你的错,不是吗?
高中英语指示代词知识点总结(二)
1) 指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:
单数复数
限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my
teachers.
代词:This is Mary. Those are my
teachers.
2) 指示代词的句法功能;
a. 作主语
This is the way to do it.
这事儿就该这样做。
b. 作宾语
I like this better than that.
我喜欢这个甚至那个。
c. 作主语补语
My point is this.
我的观点就是如此。
d. 作介词宾语
I don‘t say no to that.
我并未拒绝那个。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
说明1:
指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:
(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。( that作主语,指人)
(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)
(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)
(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)
说明2:
That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和 these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(错) He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)
(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)